- material reciprocity
- n.实质互惠
English-Chinese dictionary of mining (英汉矿业大词典). 2013.
material reciprocity
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Reciprocity (electromagnetism) — This page is about reciprocity theorems in classical electromagnetism. See also Reciprocity (mathematics) for unrelated reciprocity theorems, and Reciprocity for more general usages of the term. In classical electromagnetism, reciprocity refers… … Wikipedia
Reciprocity (social and political philosophy) — The social norm of reciprocity is the expectation that people will respond to each other in similar ways responding to gifts and kindnesses from others with similar benevolence of their own, and responding to harmful, hurtful acts from others… … Wikipedia
Reciprocity (cultural anthropology) — In cultural anthropology and sociology, reciprocity is a way of defining people s informal exchange of goods and labour; that is, people s informal economic systems. It is the basis of most non market economies. Since virtually all humans live in … Wikipedia
Reciprocity (photography) — In photography and holography, reciprocity refers to the inverse relationship between the intensity and duration of light that determines exposure of light sensitive material. Within a normal exposure range for film stock, for example, the… … Wikipedia
Reciprocity in network — A lot of theoretical efforts have been made to study the nontrivial properties of complex networks, such as clustering, scale free degree distribution, community structures, etc. Here Reciprocity is another quantity to specifically characterize… … Wikipedia
reciprocity law — noun : a statement in photography: a constant density is obtained on a photographic material if the product of the intensity of light and the time for which it acts is a constant … Useful english dictionary
Halbleiterschutz — bzw. Topographienschutz ist der Schutz dreidimensionalen Strukturen (Topographien) von Halbleitererzeugnissen. Inhaltsverzeichnis 1 Geschichte 2 Halbleiter /Topographienschutzgesetze 3 Literatur 4 Einzelnachweise // … Deutsch Wikipedia
Halbleiterschutzrecht — Halbleiterschutz bzw. Topographienschutz ist der Schutz dreidimensionaler Strukturen (Topographien) von Halbleitererzeugnissen. Inhaltsverzeichnis 1 Geschichte 2 Halbleiter /Topographienschutzgesetze 3 Literatur 4 … Deutsch Wikipedia
Topographienschutz — Halbleiterschutz bzw. Topographienschutz ist der Schutz dreidimensionalen Strukturen (Topographien) von Halbleitererzeugnissen. Inhaltsverzeichnis 1 Geschichte 2 Halbleiter /Topographienschutzgesetze 3 Literatur 4 Einzelnachweise // … Deutsch Wikipedia
Topographieschutz — Halbleiterschutz bzw. Topographienschutz ist der Schutz dreidimensionalen Strukturen (Topographien) von Halbleitererzeugnissen. Inhaltsverzeichnis 1 Geschichte 2 Halbleiter /Topographienschutzgesetze 3 Literatur 4 Einzelnachweise // … Deutsch Wikipedia
international trade — Introduction economic transactions that are made between countries. Among the items commonly traded are consumer goods, such as television sets and clothing; capital goods, such as machinery; and raw materials and food. Other transactions… … Universalium
